The 18th dynasty in Egypt encompasses an age often referred to as the new empire, or the third high period of Egypt. A time of change had come. Egypt is a country that historically has rarely avoided conflict. With the beginning of the 18th dynasty, a kind of calm period set in and the glorious time of the pharaohs came. Egyptian art remained on a relatively low level until then. Art was made for the dead. The flat-painted art that decorated the tombs of the deceased was of simple elaboration and design. With the pharaohs, the understanding of art changed. The Valley of the Kings became the central point of the stately tombs. The chosen place became the link between the belief in the gods and the cult of the dead. The work of the artists was no longer to serve a single purpose, it was to enable the dead kings to live on magnificently and were intended as mild-mannered offerings to the benevolence of the gods. When Howard Carter opened the tomb of Tutankhamun, it revealed an almost unimaginable magnificence with works of art from the 18th Dynasty. The artists used materials of inestimable value. Precious stones, gold, silver and copper were used in the grave goods. It is hard to imagine that in parallel in Europe the Bronze Age was drawing to a close.
An excellent example of 18th Dynasty art is the statue of the ruler Hatshepsut. The only woman to have ever ruled Egypt, it can be admired today in Metropolitan Museum. The pharaoh appears impossibly young, polished stone makes her skin shimmer and her face has fine features. The viewer might mistake her for a ballet dancer rather than Egypt's only queen. Artist Judy Chicago has reserved a place for the queen in her installation The Dinner Party.
An important task of the Egyptian artists was to choose a precise and unambiguous form of representation. From today's perspective, the individual motifs appear simple and schematic, yet the murals tell detailed stories. With the closing of the graves the stories should become alive and accompany the way of the dead. The artists proceeded systematically in the creation of the murals. Sketches were made on papyrus and these were transferred to the walls with bold colors. Strings stretched beforehand marked the exact position for the motifs. To protect the soul of the dead, all works of art were made according to strict rules of representation. The Egyptian art of mural painting follows geometric regularities in the arrangement of recurring elements. The result is a harmonious and balanced impression, which is unique in this form. The sculptors and painters of the 18th dynasty would not be artists in the modern sense, as they lacked creative and artistic freedom, yet their representations still find imitators and admirers many centuries later.
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.jpg "The goddess Selket on the canopic shrine, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun (c.1370-1352 BC), New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-427799).jpg "Fragment of the Ebers Papyrus, New Kingdom, c. 1550 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Garden of a private estate with an ornamental pool, part of the wall painting from the Tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, New Kingdom, c. 1350 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Detail of the Goddess Selket from the Canopic Shrine, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun (c. 1370-1352 BC), New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Bas Relief Representing the Guests of a Funeral Banquet - Tomb of the Vizier Ramose by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Hub and Spokes of Chariot Wheel by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_and_Queen_Tiye_New_Ki_-_(MeisterDrucke-421820).jpg "Base of a Marriage Scarab of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye, New Kingdom, c.1391-1353 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_and_Queen_Tiye_New_Ki_-_(MeisterDrucke-421820).jpg)
_New_Kingdom_c1336-1327_BC_(gold_-_(MeisterDrucke-427092).jpg "The funerary mask of Tutankhamun (c. 1370-1352 BC), New Kingdom, c. 1336-1327 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_Kingdom_c1336-1327_BC_(gold_-_(MeisterDrucke-427092).jpg)
.jpg "Bust of Queen Nefertiti, from the studio of the sculptor Thutmose at Tell el-Amarna by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Scarab Pectoral, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, in the Valley of the Kings at Thebes, c. 1361-52 BC, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "The goddess Isis from the inside of one of the double doors of the third gilded shrine, from the tomb of Tutankhamun (c. 1370-52 BC), New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_and_his_wife_Ankhesenamun_from_his_tomb_New_Kingdom_-_(MeisterDrucke-426888).jpg "Tutankhamun (c. 1370-1352 BC) and his wife, Ankhesenamun, from his tomb, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_and_his_wife_Ankhesenamun_from_his_tomb_New_Kingdom_-_(MeisterDrucke-426888).jpg)
_and_his_wife_A_-_(MeisterDrucke-418046).jpg "Plaque from the lid of a coffer showing Tutankhamun (c. 1370-52 BC) and his wife Ankhesenamun in a garden, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_and_his_wife_A_-_(MeisterDrucke-418046).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-422406).jpg "Musicians and a Dancer, from the Tomb of Nakht, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-422406).jpg)
_New_Kingdom_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-374847).jpg "The cartouche of the king, from the Tomb of Horemheb (1323-1295 BC), New Kingdom (wall painting) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_Kingdom_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-374847).jpg)
_depicting_the_Queen_a_-_(MeisterDrucke-417957).jpg "Detail from the Golden Shrine of Tutankhamun (c. 1370-52 BC) depicting the Queen anointing him with scented unguent, New Kingdom (wood overlaid with gesso covered with sheet gold) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_depicting_the_Queen_a_-_(MeisterDrucke-417957).jpg)
_(c1364-1347_BC)_from_the_Temple_of_Amun_Karnak_-_(MeisterDrucke-419742).jpg "Bust of Amenophis IV (Akhenaten) (c. 1364-1347 BC) from the Temple of Amun, Karnak, c. 1353-1337 BC (detail) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_(c1364-1347_BC)_from_the_Temple_of_Amun_Karnak_-_(MeisterDrucke-419742).jpg)
.jpg "Egyptian antiquity: musicians. Tomb of Nakht. 18th dynasty. 1410 BC. Necropolis of Gournah (Sheikh Abd al-Gournah), Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_(basalt)_-_(MeisterDrucke-418468).jpg "Thutmose III (c. 1490-39 BC) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_New_Kingdom_(blue_glass_past_-_(MeisterDrucke-418055).jpg "Headrest, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "A Kiss, a relief of Queen Nefertiti kissing one of her daughters, from Hermopolis, New Kingdom, Amarna Period by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Relief from rear external panel of second funeral chapel, Treasures of Tutankhamun, Egypt, Egyptian civilization, New Kingdom, Dynasty XVIII by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Egyptian antiquity: the lioness deity Sekhmet crowned with the solar disk. Statue of black granite. 1540-1295 BC. H. 210 cm, Turin, Egyptian Museum by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_Hatsheps_-_(MeisterDrucke-1459638).jpg "Bas relief carving of Hatshepsut")
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.jpg "Egyptian antiquity: representation of bearers of offerings. Low relief of the Tomb of the Vizir Ramose (18th dynasty). Luxor, Thebes, Valley of the Nobles Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "A group of Black prisoners surrounded by guards armed with clubs while a scribe draws up a report. Relief from the tomb of Horemheb at Saqqara, detail by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "A Boat on the River Returning from Pilgrimage to the Tomb of Osiris, Abydos by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Kushites carrying tributes of gold, ivory and animal skins, from the Tomb of Rekhmire, vizier of Tuthmosis III and Amenhotep II, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-422284).jpg "Stela Depicting the Aten Giving Life and Prosperity to Amenophis IV (Akhenaten), His Wife Nefertiti and Three of Their Daughters, from Tell el-Amarna, New Kingdom, c.1353-1337 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Statuette of the king wearing the red crown of the north, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_vizir_of_the_-_(MeisterDrucke-1065635).jpg "Egyptian antiquity: painting decorating the tomb of Rekhmire (TT100), vizir of the 18th dynasty by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Scribe")
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_New_Kingdom_(gold_-_(MeisterDrucke-418024).jpg "Wedjet eye pectoral, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_Kingdom_(gold_-_(MeisterDrucke-418024).jpg)
.jpg "Relief Depicting a Parade in Honour of the Goddess Hathor (detail) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_and_Hatshepsut_(1473-1458_BC)_at_the_-_(MeisterDrucke-584249).jpg "The Obelisks of Tuthmosis I and Hatshepsut at the Great Temple of Amun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_and_Hatshepsut_(1473-1458_BC)_at_the_-_(MeisterDrucke-584249).jpg)
.jpg "Relief Depicting Horus, Chapel of the Goddess Hathor by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Bust of Queen Nefertiti, from the studio of the sculptor Thutmose at Tell el-Amarna by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_from_the_Temple_of_Amun_Karnak_(bas_-_(MeisterDrucke-420562).jpg "Statue of Tuthmosis III (ruled 1504-1450 BC), from the Temple of Amun, Karnak by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_from_the_Temple_of_Amun_Karnak_(bas_-_(MeisterDrucke-420562).jpg)
_New_-_(MeisterDrucke-427033).jpg "Scribes case for writing reeds, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_-_(MeisterDrucke-427033).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-427654).jpg "Relief Depicting the Aten Giving Life and Prosperity to Amenophis IV (Akhenaten) (c.1352-1336 BC) His Wife, Nefertiti and Three of Their Daughters, from Tell el-Amarna, New Kingdom, c.1375-1354 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Rear view of one of the canopic coffins, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Painting Decorating the Tomb of Rekhmire, Represented Surrounded by His Servants (Fresco) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Breast plate depicting Osiris, god of the afterworld, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Representation of Roy and his wife Nebtawy facing a high priest by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Drinking cup in the form of a half-opened lotus flower, found at the entrance to the tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-423304).jpg "Using Cows to Trample Wheat, from the Tomb of Menna by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_kneeling_before_a_table_of_offerings_Temple_of_-_(MeisterDrucke-417829).jpg "Queen Hatshepsut kneeling before a table of offerings, Temple of Amun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_kneeling_before_a_table_of_offerings_Temple_of_-_(MeisterDrucke-417829).jpg)
 - (MeisterDrucke-413011).jpg "Torso of a woman by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_Ne_-_(MeisterDrucke-418051).jpg "Model of one of the pharaoh")
_Ne_-_(MeisterDrucke-418051).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-418788).jpg "Boatmen on the Nile, from the Tomb of Sennefer, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Pillar decorated with stylised lotus plants, from the Great Temple of Amun complex by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Lid of an alabaster jar decorated with a bird in a nest containing eggs, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_c1336-1327_BC_New_Kingdom_(gold_-_(MeisterDrucke-418848).jpg "The funerary mask of Tutankhamun, c.1336-1327 BC, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_c1336-1327_BC_New_Kingdom_(gold_-_(MeisterDrucke-418848).jpg)
.jpg "Egyptian Antiquity: Horus Guides Roy and His Wife to Osiris. Fragments of Fresco from the Tomb of Roy (TT255). 18th Dynasty. From the West Bank of Luxor, Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Fishing and fowling in the marshes, detail of the birds, from the Tomb Chapel of Menna, New Kingdom (wall painting) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Statue of a man in a loincloth, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1649671).jpg "Pharaoh Tuthmosis IV by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Egyptian Antiquity: Representation of Bearers of Offerings (Low Relief) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Egypt, Thebes, Luxor, Valley of the Kings, Tomb of Tutankhamon, Treasures of Tutankhamon, Amulets by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Horus guides Roy and his wife to the weighing of hearts. Fragments of fresco from the Tomb of Roy (TT255), 18th dynasty, West Bank of Luxor, Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Detail from the Golden Shrine, Tutankhamun")
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_New_Kingdom_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-427036).jpg "Statuette of the king, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_Kingdom_(_-_(MeisterDrucke-427036).jpg)
_gove_-_(MeisterDrucke-1067313).jpg "Egyptian Antiquity: Funeral Scene with Weeping. Tomb of Ramose (1411-1375 BC), Governor of Thebes and Vizier, Beginning of the Reign of Amenophis IV. Necropolis of Gournah (Sheikh Abd el-Gournah), Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Djed pillar pectoral and wedjet eye pectoral, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "A group of Black prisoners surrounded by guards armed with clubs while a scribe draws up a report, relief from the tomb of Horemheb at Saqqara by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Top panel from a coffer, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_Ne_-_(MeisterDrucke-416034).jpg "External view from the South of the colonnade of Amenophis III, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_Ne_-_(MeisterDrucke-416034).jpg)
.jpg "Offering Bearers and Mourners, Fresco from the Tomb of the Vizier Ramose by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_before_Horus_from_his_tomb_New_Kingdom_-_(MeisterDrucke-426885).jpg "Relief depicting Horemheb before Horus, from his tomb by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_before_Horus_from_his_tomb_New_Kingdom_-_(MeisterDrucke-426885).jpg)
.jpg "Egyptian antiquity: fresco of the tomb of the painter Maia, the deceased and his wife sitting at a banquet. 18th dynasty. From the Chapel of Maia, Deir el-Medineh, New Empire. Turin, Egyptian Museum by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Unguent box in the form of a double royal cartouche, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Black prisoners surrounded by armed guards, relief from the Memphite Tomb of Horemheb at Saqqara, Egyptian Civilization, New Kingdom, Dynasty XVIII by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Egypt, Thebes, Luxor, Valley of the Kings, Tomb of Tutankhamon, Treasures of Tutankhamon, Gold mask of the pharaoh by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Left Earring from a Pair of Earrings with a Bluebird, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, Valley of the Kings, Thebes, c.1347-37 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Breastplate depicting Osiris on a black background by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1426276).jpg "Cortege Pulling the King")
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.jpg "Reduced model of a boat from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom, c.1347-37 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Seat of a model folding stool, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Colossal head of Amenhotep III by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Votive shield depicting the king slaying a lion, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-431725).jpg "Interior of the Tomb of Ramose, New Kingdom, c.1360 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-431725).jpg)
_inspector_of_-_(MeisterDrucke-1062469).jpg "Egyptian antiquity: connects from the tomb of Kha em Het, inspector of attics and scribe to the court of Amenophis III representing men offering beet heads as an offering. 18th dynasty. Luxor, West Bank, Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Statuette of the Tuya, head of the harem of Min, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-418054).jpg "Stopper from one of the canopic urns, from the tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Foundry Operations, South Wall of the Tomb of Rekhmire, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "A craftsman taking measurements for the construction of a wall (detail of the fresco decorating the tomb of Rekhmire, governor of Thebes and vizier during the reign of Pharaohs Thutmes III and Amenophis II, 18th dynasty 1500 to 1292 BC) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Characters leading betail heads by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Relief Depicting a Princess Eating a Roasted Duck, from the North Palace at Tell El-Amarna, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-419964).jpg "Unfinished head of Nefertiti, New Kingdom, c.1365-49 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-419964).jpg)
_inspector_of_-_(MeisterDrucke-1054255).jpg "Egyptian antiquity: connects from the tomb of Kha em Het representing bearers of offerings by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_inspector_of_-_(MeisterDrucke-1054255).jpg)
_bearing_th_-_(MeisterDrucke-1067657).jpg "Statue of Amenhotep IV bearing the double crown. 1301 BC. 18th dynasty. Detail of the sculpture. From the Temple of Amon Ra in Thebes. Luxor Museum, Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_bearing_th_-_(MeisterDrucke-1067657).jpg)
_inspector_o_-_(MeisterDrucke-1067562).jpg "Sculptures Near the Tomb of Khaemhat Representing the Scribe and Imhotep, Valley of the Nobles, Luxor, Egypt by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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.jpg "Egyptian antiquity: bas relief representing the guests of a funeral banquet - Tomb of the Vizier Ramose (18th dynasty) - Luxor, Thebes, Tomb of the Nobles Egypt - Egyptian civilization: Bas relief depicting the guests at a funeral banquet, from the Tomb of by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-431724).jpg "Interior of the Tomb of Ramose, New Kingdom, c.1360 BC by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-431724).jpg)
.jpg "Egyptian antiquity: scenes of work in the fields and offerings to the pharaoh. (detail) by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_New_Kingdom_(wood_overlaid_with_g_-_(MeisterDrucke-417956).jpg "The Golden Shrine of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_Kingdom_(wood_overlaid_with_g_-_(MeisterDrucke-417956).jpg)
.jpg "Torso of an Egyptian princess, possibly found at Tell el-Amarna, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
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_New_K_-_(MeisterDrucke-439210).jpg "Detail from the Golden Shrine, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_K_-_(MeisterDrucke-439210).jpg)
_in_t_-_(MeisterDrucke-571841).jpg "The stairway leading to the Festival hall of Tuthmosis III in the Great Temple of Amun, New Kingdom by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_in_t_-_(MeisterDrucke-571841).jpg)
_New_Kingdom_(gold)_-_(MeisterDrucke-439336).jpg "Throne, from the Tomb of Tutankhamun by Egyptian 18th Dynasty")
_New_Kingdom_(gold)_-_(MeisterDrucke-439336).jpg)
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