Inspired by the exploration of all the countries of Europe, as well as Egypt and Palestine, the Scottish artist Alexander Keith Johnston devoted himself to cartography. With his brother William, he subsequently opened the cartographic institution W & A.K. Johnston out of a shared passion, in which maps were produced for school use, but also the general public.
Johnston had his center of life at the time of industrialization in Edinburgh, Scotland, from where he worked and devoted himself to the art of engraving. Industrialization brought with it a tremendous growth in population. Epidemics such as typhoid and cholera raged and decimated entire cities. The underdeveloped infrastructure of Scotland caused great problems: there was a lack of roads and paths. For this reason, the construction of canals and new access routes was relied upon, but these were soon made obsolete by the railroads, which were many times more economical. This development also made Johnston's work much easier, as the exploration of new areas became less difficult. He initially came to the University of Edinburgh because of his interest in medicine. However, he quickly turned away from this and turned to geography. Johnston married his wife Margaret Gray at an early age, who did not get to see him very often due to his numerous travels and his love of cartography. His first map was the result of a long walk through Northern Ireland and already appeared in the first travel guides. One of his most important works was the "National Atlas" published in 1843, which appeared in several editions and meant 5 years of hard work for him. 45 percent of the maps of this atlas Johnston had drawn completely by himself and almost all names were inserted handwritten by him. The "National Atlas" was a breakthrough of its time, as it was more compact and handy than any of its predecessors. Ultimately, the "National Atlas" earned him the appointment of Royal Geographer of Scotland.
Johnston's drawings are very special: he made it a point to use every free spot in his drawing to show the reader or viewer exactly what the animal or patch of earth he depicted looks like. Also emblematic are his numerous vignettes and embellishments in the margins of each map or illustration. Johnston made a name for himself in science by applying physical science to geography. He drew on Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter to produce the "Physical Atlas of natural phenomenia." His eldest and eponymous son enjoyed his father's teaching and also published several maps and treatises on physical geography, but then turned his full focus to Africa and produced numerous works.
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Trafalgar, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Copenhagen, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of Paris at the Outbreak of the French Revolution, published by William Blackwood and Sons by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Jena, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-198293).jpg "Map of the Battle of Trafalgar, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of the Nile, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Plan of the Battle of Cape St. Vincent, 14th February 1797, c.1830s by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Hanau, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Hohenlinden, Published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of Lower Egypt and part of Syria, published by William Blackwood and Sons by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battles of Champaubert and Vauchamps, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-191935).jpg "Map of India, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Rivoli, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Hohenlinden, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battles of Smolensko and Valtelina, Published by William Blackwood and Sons by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of Paris and Its Environs, Published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh & London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-179516).jpg "Map of the Battle of Laon, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-182813).jpg "Map of the Battle of Fleurus, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-193276).jpg "Map of the Battle of Talavera, Published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-155400).jpg "Map of the Battle of Austerlitz, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-156814).jpg "Map of the Battle of Bautzen, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-156653).jpg "Map of the Battle of Craone by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Aspern or Essling, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-215211).jpg "Map of the Battle of Vitoria, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-186706).jpg "Map of Prussia and Poland, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-199708).jpg "Map of the Battles of Turcoing and Tournay, Published by William Blackwood and Sons by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Siege of St. Jean d")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-146067).jpg "Map of the Battle of Stockach, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-176462).jpg "Map of the Battle of Wagram, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Neerwinden, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-201147).jpg "Map of the Battle of Pultusk, Published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-215873).jpg "Map of the Passage of the Beresina, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Aspern or Essling by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Montmirail, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Cape St. Vincent, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Lutzen, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Maps of the Battle of Gross Beeren and Battle of Dennewitz, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-167512).jpg "Map of the Battle of Arcole, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Dresden, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Marengo, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Siege of Mantua, published by William Blackwood and Sons by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Heilsberg, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Siege of St Sebastian, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Ocana, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Friedland, Published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Marengo by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Trebbia, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Turkey in Asia, Asia Minor, and Transcaucasia by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "A map of Spain and Portugal, c.1869 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-180025).jpg "Map of the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau, published by William Blackwood and Sons by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Borodino, Published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Wagram, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-144719).jpg "Map of the Siege of the Castle of Burgos, Published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-177967).jpg "Map of the Battle of Fere Champenoise and the Battle of Arcis-Sur-Aube, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Malo-Jaroslawitz, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Alexandria, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Paris and its Environs, to Illustrate the Battle of Paris by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-190079).jpg "Map of the Battle of Zurich, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Medina de Rio-Seco, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Camperdown, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-168724).jpg "Map of the Battle of Salamanca, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-181308).jpg "Map of the Battle of Jemappes, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Operations which led to the Capitulation of Ulm, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-184752).jpg "Map of the Siege of Toulon, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Plan of the Battle of Camperdown, 11th October 1797, c.1830s by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of La Rothiere, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Novi, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "The Battle of Trafalgar, 21st October 1805, The British Breaking the French and Spanish Line by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-175972).jpg "Battle of Waterloo, 18th June 1815, Sheet 2nd, Crisis of the Battle by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Battle of Waterloo, 18th June 1815 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Plan of the Battle of the Nile, 1st August 1798 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Siege of Saragossa by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1120576).jpg "Plan of the Battle of Copenhagen, 2nd April 1801 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Denmark with Northwest Portion of the German Empire by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "Map of the Battle of Mount Thabor, published by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1848 by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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.jpg "The Battle of Trafalgar, 21st October 1805, Positions in the Battle by Alexander Keith Johnston")
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