Prussian painter, draftsman and illustrator Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel (1815 - 1905) is considered the most important artist of realism. In addition, one could also recognize Impressionism in his paintings. This style inspired him during a trip to Paris. For example, he created the paintings "the Balcony Room" and "Forest Night". Ultimately, he developed his own style and painting technique, with which he was ahead of his time.
Menzel was often dubbed "the little excellence", because at 1.40 m. he was rather short and gnome-like. His artistic career began in 1839, when he was commissioned by the German historian Franz Theodor Kugler to create illustrations for a multi-volume history of Frederick the Great. Menzel demonstrated great diligence by creating 400 pen-and-ink drawings within three years. Through this work he became known to the general public and he received further commissions. In the beginning it was historical paintings that Menzel created. Later, he often dealt with the present in his paintings.
Menzel's life was rather boring and uneventful, as he lived in seclusion and without friends. Thus, he traveled frequently and sought to compensate for his loneliness with his paintings. Because of his size, he could never participate in battles, so he wanted to express his sense of duty. This is how he created one of his most famous paintings "Frederick and His Own in the Battle of Hochkirch" from the period between 1850 and 1856, which was exhibited both in the Academy of Arts and later in the Paris World's Fair and caused rather incomprehension among the public, since the inspiration of the painting depicts the defeat in the Battle of Hochkirch from 1758, in which the Prussians desperately try to repel the Austrian surprise attack. In the center and elevated to the troops is King Frederick II, who is trying to organize the counterattack. What is striking about the painting is that Menzel placed the anonymous soldiers in the foreground, which clearly set the painting apart from other battle paintings. In 1866, he traveled to the scenes of the wars. As a result, his paintings became more somber, depicting dying and dead soldiers. Eventually he turned away from battle paintings and painted construction sites or other localities of Berlin, the city where he lived and which was then becoming the capital of the German Empire. In 1895, he became an honorary citizen of Berlin on his 80th birthday. Menzel saw his death coming, which he wrote in a New Year's greeting to Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1905.
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.jpg "Iron Rolling Mill by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Flute Concert with Frederick the Great in Sanssouci, 1850-1852 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Horse Study by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "King Frederick II")
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.jpg "Living Room with Menzel")
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.jpg "The Balcony Room by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Balcony Room. 1845 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Ball Supper by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Artist")
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.jpg "The Ball Supper by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Armor Chamber Fantasy, 1866 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Dinner Table at Sanssouci, 1850 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "On a Journey to Beautiful Countryside, 1892 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Coronation of King William I in Koenigsberg in 1861, c.1861-65 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Rolling Mill, Work in the Forge by Adolph Menzel")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-275264).jpg "Armour, 1866 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "At the Kreuzberg by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Artist")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-71009).jpg "Prince Otto von Bismarck, 1865 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Concert of Berlin Bilsekapelle by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Studio Wall by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Flute Concert of Frederick the Great in Sanssouci by Adolph Menzel")
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 in Lissa Bonsoir Messieurs 1858 - (MeisterDrucke-73702).jpg "Frederick II the Great in Lissa, Bonsoir, Messieurs! 1858 by Adolph Menzel")
 in Lissa Bonsoir Messieurs 1858 - (MeisterDrucke-73702).jpg)
.jpg "Student Torchlight Procession by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Prince of Anhalt-Dessau by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Artist")
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.jpg "Laying Out of the March Dead by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Room with balcony by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "In the Open Air by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Adam, Beaten by Ruprecht, Falls Out of the Courtroom, Eve and Others Watch in the Background, for Heinrich von Kleist")
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.jpg "The Lion")
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.jpg "Councillor E. Dohme, Councillor Schulz. Study for the Painting")
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.jpg "Bust of a Man with Beard Facing Left, Head Turned to Viewer by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Girl")
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.jpg "Studies of Two Somersaulting Children. Model Study for \"Piazza d")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1615593).jpg "In a Railway Carriage (After a Night")
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.jpg "Woman with Cap Sitting in Armchair, Head Slightly Bowed by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Karl Prince of Prussia, Bust, 3/4 Profile to the Right, Portrait Study for")
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.jpg "In the Ruins, a Gentleman and a Lady Stand on a Landing and Look Up at a Large Hole in the Vault by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Male Head Tilted Right and to the Side, Two Studies by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "State Minister Count Pückler, Two Profile Studies to the Left, Portrait Studies for \"The Coronation of Wilhelm I in Königsberg\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Head of an Older Woman with Cloth, Studies of a Younger Woman with Hat. Model Studies for \"Piazza d")
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.jpg "Head of an Older Woman, Repeated Chin Area, Architectural Sketch, Figurative Sketch for an Allegory by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Model in Ceremonial Dress of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony, Historical Museum, Dresden by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Judge Walter Enters, Politely Lifting His Hat, Greeted Submissively by Adam and Light, from Heinrich von Kleist")
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.jpg "The White Peacock with Turkey Hen and Chickens. From the")
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_Skizze_-_(MeisterDrucke-1708337).jpg "Good Evening, Gentlemen! (Frederick the Great in Lissa). Sketch by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Model in Ceremonial Dress of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony in Two Views, Historical Museum, Dresden by Adolph Menzel")
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_fuer_Prinzessin_Wilhelmine_von_Preussen_-_(MeisterDrucke-1709888).jpg "Model Study (Menzel")
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.jpg "Portrait of Constanze Beling, born Martini. Daughter of District Court Councilor Carl Martini and his wife Pauline Martini by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Dr. R. Eitner Sitting on a Sofa, Half Figure to the Left by Adolph Menzel")
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_fuer_die_Koenigliche_Kunst_-_(MeisterDrucke-1707708).jpg "Wax Figure of Frederick II (Figure Completed by Schadow) for the Royal Art Chamber by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Goldfinches and the Canary in the Cage. From the \"Children")
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.jpg "Portrait of an Older Man with Mustache by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Half-Figure of a Man, Profile to the Right, Study for \"Round Table at Sanssouci\", 1850 by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Artist")
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.jpg "Head and Figure Studies, Sheet 2 from the Series \"Radir-Versuche\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Study after the Binoculars of Field Marshal Count von Moltke, Case and Details, with Notes by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Broken House, from \"Children")
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.jpg "Sketches of Workers at Various Activities in the Rolling Mill. Study for \"The Iron Rolling Mill. Modern Cyclopes\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Crowning of the Pulpit of the Augustinian Church in Würzburg by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Corner of the House by Moonlight. From the \"Children")
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.jpg "Hall in the Rolling Mill Königshütte. Study for \"Iron Rolling Mill. Modern Cyclops\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Theater Box Office, Buyers Push from Right to the Illuminated Box Office and Move to the Left, to Heinrich von Kleist \"The Broken Jug\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Seated Bearded Man, Facing Right, Holding the Index Finger of the Right Hand on the Tabletop by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "General of the Infantry Eduard von Peucker, Portrait Studies for \"The Coronation of Wilhelm I in Königsberg\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Horse Study. Head Lying, in Harness by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Lady with Headscarf and Cloak, Male Figure in Profile, Melons and Sleeping Men on the Piazza d")
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.jpg "Model in Ceremonial Dress of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony in Two Views, Historical Museum, Dresden by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Male Head with Mustache in Profile to the Left by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Departure of King Wilhelm I to the Army by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Cloudy Sky over Mountain Peaks by Adolph Menzel")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1707190).jpg "Officer with Coat and Hat (Pose Study Moritz von Anhalt-Dessau) by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Fulda in Kassel. River Landscape with Bridge and Houses by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Old Ironworker with Apron and Tongs in Hand. Study for \"Iron Rolling Mill. Modern Cyclops\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Study Sheet from the Asylum. Ten Heads, Mostly to the Left by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Head and Figure Studies, Sheet 2 from the Series \"Etching Attempts\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Church of the Holy Spirit with the Former Women")
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.jpg "Model in a Ceremonial Dress of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony in the Historical Museum in Dresden by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Castle in Lissa by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Officer with Coat and Hat, with Cane in Right Hand, Half-Back View to the Right (Pose Study Moritz von Anhalt-Dessau) by Adolph Menzel")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1707268).jpg "Untitled (Figures in a Strong Wind) by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Stork in the Reeds. From the \"Children")
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.jpg "The Red Macaw and Cockatoos. From the \"Children")
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.jpg "Flight of Stone Steps in a Garden by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Blast Furnace, Chimneys, Pipeline in Königshütte by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Marthe with the Jug Shards in Her Arm, Stands Between Veit and Ruprecht, and Eve Pleads with the Mother to Refrain, from Heinrich von Kleist")
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.jpg "Head of a Lady with Hat and Bust of a Laughing Man with Round Hat by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Male Bust with Crossed Arms, Supported, En Face by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "The Courtyard Side of the Wall Pavilion in the Zwinger in Dresden at Night by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Adam Speaks to Veit During the Trial, with Clerk Licht Dipping the Pen, Judge Sneezing, from Heinrich von Kleist")
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.jpg "Model in the Splendid Dress of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony, Historical Museum, Dresden by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Seating and Door in the Peace Church in Jauer by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Towers and Roofs of the Cathedral and St. Severin in Erfurt by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Model in Ceremonial Dress of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony in Three Views, Historical Museum, Dresden by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Adam, Sitting in the Judge")
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.jpg "The Maid Enters the Courtroom with the Glass of Water Ordered by Adam, to Heinrich von Kleist \"The Broken Jug\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "State Minister von Patow, Bust Portrait, 3/4 en face, left: Head in Profile to the Left, Portrait Study for \"The Coronation of Wilhelm I in Königsberg\" by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Arrival of French Prisoners of War in Berlin at Night by Adolph Menzel")
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.jpg "Left Hand with Forearm in Sleeve, Thumb and Index Finger Extended on a Surface by Adolph Menzel")
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