The Islamic School encompasses the art styles of the Islamic-influenced regions. Works from this school of art range from decorated ceramics, ornate buildings, and elaborately decorated carpets to the ever-popular and respected art of book illumination. Although the sphere of influence of Islam at times spanned areas as far apart as Moorish Andalusia or Far Eastern India, some features characteristic of this school developed thanks to constant exchanges, although the respective regions naturally have their own peculiarities.
One important peculiarity that influenced the artistic style of many of the areas in the Near East and North Africa over time and space was the restraint in the pictorial representation of living beings. Especially in religious contexts, this so-called "prohibition of images" is conspicuous, which - even if it is not directly based on statements of the Koran - was spread by theological and legal efforts. For this reason, the focus was mainly on the development of other forms of decoration.
A central form of design in the Islamic influenced regions is the ornament. Typical patterns of Islamic art include, on the one hand, plant patterns such as leaves and tendrils - called "arabesques" - and, on the other hand, geometric shapes, often consisting of repeating angular or circular segments, often arranged symmetrically. Such ornamental decorations are found, for example, in architecture as tile patterns or mosaics and in illuminated pages of Arabic manuscripts.
Another very common characteristic of Islamic art is the decoration with calligraphic Arabic lettering. The art of calligraphy was highly valued practically at all times, and the employment of the best calligraphers was considered a status symbol in the courts of Islamic rulers. The different script styles that developed over time in the regions of the Islamic world - for example, the angular Kufic script from Iraq, or the sweeping Maghrebi script - represent characteristic regional peculiarities. Calligraphic decorations can be found in all areas of art, whether as architectural inscriptions, textile embroidery, or independent works of art.
Despite the rejection of figurative representations, pictorial illustrations of humans and animals also occur in Islamic art. Historically, the absence of images is seen more in the Arabic tradition, while they found frequent use, for example, in the Persian, Turkish or Indian traditions, and through their influence also reached the more Arabic areas of the Islamic countries. Persian miniature painting in particular is a prominent source of such illustrations of people and animals, with the help of which a variety of literary works - often poems or mythological representations - were artfully enlivened.
Even though many of the works of art decorated in this way were lost in the course of the long history of their creation, countless examples of this style, even centuries old, are still in circulation. Moreover, even in more recent works, the traditional features of Islamic art continue to be used, keeping alive the typical decorative forms of this school.
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.jpg "The Persian Prince Humay Meeting the Chinese Princess Humayun in a Garden by Islamic School")
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 (980-1037) - (MeisterDrucke-43287).jpg "Page from the")
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 (980-1037) - (MeisterDrucke-43195).jpg "Page from the")
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_cubic_building_located_in_th_-_(MeisterDrucke-981965).jpg "Islamic Art: View of Mecca and Kaaba by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Marriage of the Three Daughters of Sero, King of Yemen. Persian miniature from")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-38983).jpg "Battle Between Mongol Tribes, probably from the")
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.jpg "Merchant from Isfahan Flying, from")
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.jpg "Seljuk style Koran with coloured inscriptions and decorative counting medallions in the margins, 12-13th century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Giraffe, from")
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.jpg "Arabic medicine: blood circulation and digestive system by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Folio from a Quran, Sura 48:26-27 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Mecca surrounded by the Mountains of Arafa by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Arabic medicine: blood circulation and digestive system by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: A Sultan and His Court. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem Shahnameh (Book of Kings) by Ferdowsi (ca. 940-around 1020) Around 1330 by Islamic School")
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_M_-_(MeisterDrucke-1024546).jpg "Islamic Representation of the Ascent of the Prophet Isa (Jesus). Miniature from the manuscript")
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.jpg "Aquarius and Pisces, from")
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_looks_again_at_the_tent_of_Roustam_Persian_miniatu_-_(MeisterDrucke-999254).jpg "Sohrab looks again at the tent of Roustam. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem")
_looks_again_at_the_tent_of_Roustam_Persian_miniatu_-_(MeisterDrucke-999254).jpg)
 the Magnificent (The Hunername) by Lokman published 1588 (detail of 181211) - (MeisterDrucke-99314).jpg "The Siege of Belgrade in 1521, illustration from")
 the Magnificent (The Hunername) by Lokman published 1588 (detail of 181211) - (MeisterDrucke-99314).jpg)
_(in_the_middle)_teaching_8_other_physicians_including_G_-_(MeisterDrucke-427450).jpg "Pythagoras teaching 8 other physicians including Galen and Andromachus, illustration from an arabic translation of De materia medica by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Miniature depicting a scene by the water by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Star-shaped overglaze leaf-gilded tile in the style of Takht-e Solaiman by Islamic School")
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.jpg "North portal tile panel, one of a pair with protruding palmettes and stars encircling the central sun medallion by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: View of Damascus with The Great Mosque of the Umayyads of Damascus (705-715). Anonymous Syrian painting of the 17th century by Islamic School")
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_Ayyubid_Period_1238-_-_(MeisterDrucke-423783).jpg "Basin with the name of Sultan Al-Malik Al-Adil, Ayyubid Period by Islamic School")
_Ayyubid_Period_1238-_-_(MeisterDrucke-423783).jpg)
_Ras_-_(MeisterDrucke-422731).jpg "Plate inscribed with the name of Sultan Al-Mujahid Saif-ud-din Ali Rasulid Dynasty, Yemen by Islamic School")
_Ras_-_(MeisterDrucke-422731).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1034407).jpg "The Umayyad Mosque, also Known as the Great Mosque of Damascus by Islamic School")
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_(980-1037)_-_(MeisterDrucke-420069).jpg "Page from the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) by Islamic School")
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_looks_at_the_black_tent_of_the_leaders_of_the_Pers_-_(MeisterDrucke-1030122).jpg "Islamic Art:")
_looks_at_the_black_tent_of_the_leaders_of_the_Pers_-_(MeisterDrucke-1030122).jpg)
_f_-_(MeisterDrucke-961271).jpg "Islamic Art: glaze ceramic tile of type")
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.jpg "Islamic representation of Adam and Eve hunts from Earth Paradise by Archangel Gabriel. Miniature from the manuscript")
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.jpg "The Sack of Mecca and the Removal of the sacred Black Stone from the Kaaba by the Katmathians by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Great Mosque of Mecca, from")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-443206).jpg "Door of the madrasa of Sultan al-Zahir Barquq (detail) by Islamic School")
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_-_-_(MeisterDrucke-961558).jpg "Islamic Art: Drawing on parchment from the period of Fatimid - Game of sticks - Painting on papyrus - Cairo, Museum of Islamic Art by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Minai Bowl Depicting a Mounted Horseman Surrounded by a Floral Design by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Rustam")
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.jpg "Islamic representation of Adam and Eve by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-80075).jpg "Helmet, from Iran by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Islamic art: falconer rider dish in ceramic. The beginning of the 13th century. From Iran by Islamic School")
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_in_front_of_the_kings_tent_Persian_miniature_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-951092).jpg "Islamic Art: Sohrab in front of the king")
_in_front_of_the_kings_tent_Persian_miniature_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-951092).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-422235).jpg "Coins from the Timurid Period by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Star-shaped overglaze leaf-gilded tile in the style of Takht-e Solaiman by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Mechanical device for pouring water, illustration from the")
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.jpg "Page of a Falnama: Iman Reza Fights a Div by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Ascension of the Prophet Mohammed, Persian by Islamic School")
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_with_the_in_-_(MeisterDrucke-961564).jpg "Islamic Art: wall ceramic tile enamel type")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: Large Ceramic Dish from Samarkand in Iran by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Ewer with birds from the Treasury of Saint-Denis, Egyptian, Fatimid Period, late 10th century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two pages from a Koran manuscript, illuminated by Mohammad ebn Aibak with calligraphy by Ahmad ebn Sohrevardi, Il-Khanid Period, early 14th century by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-426839).jpg "Lamp, from the Mosque of Sultan Hasan, Cairo by Islamic School")
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.jpg "King Keikaous Orders the Capture of Roustam from")
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_looks_at_the_tent_of_Rostame_Persian_miniature_fro_-_(MeisterDrucke-970315).jpg "Sohrab looks at the tent of Rostam. Persian miniature from")
_looks_at_the_tent_of_Rostame_Persian_miniature_fro_-_(MeisterDrucke-970315).jpg)
.jpg "Islam: Manuscript Page of the Koran by Islamic School")
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_-_-_(MeisterDrucke-948304).jpg "Islamic Art: Drawing on parchment from the period of Fatimid (10-11th century) - Weighing foodstuffs - Painting on papyrus - Cairo, Museum of Islamic Art by Islamic School")
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_the_Magnificent_in_1529_from_-_(MeisterDrucke-63426).jpg "Siege of Vienna by Suleyman I (1494-1566) the Magnificent, in 1529, from the")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: Shroud of Saint Josse. Silk Fabric, 901 AD. From the Abbey of Saint Josse, Khorasan, Chorasan or Khurasan. Herat, Modern Afghanistan. Paris, Louvre Museum by Islamic School")
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 by Al-Hariri (1054-1122) c1240 - (MeisterDrucke-81965).jpg "Interior of a Mosque, from")
 by Al-Hariri (1054-1122) c1240 - (MeisterDrucke-81965).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-422144).jpg "Kufic calligraphy from a Koran manuscript by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Dome of the Rock and the City Beyond by Islamic School")
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_(recto_of_3527316)_-_(MeisterDrucke-907920).jpg "Miniature Qur")
_(recto_of_3527316)_-_(MeisterDrucke-907920).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-423738).jpg "Jug, from Khorasan, Iran, 1218 by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1353009).jpg "Yusuf Adil Shah enthroned with the next four monarchs of Bijapur, c.1750 (vellum) by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-907801).jpg "Bottle by Islamic School")
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 III (1546-95) c1580 - (MeisterDrucke-77979).jpg "Ms 1671 Amurath (Murad) III by Islamic School")
 III (1546-95) c1580 - (MeisterDrucke-77979).jpg)
.jpg "Islamic Representation of Adam and Eve and Their 13 Miniature Twins from the Manuscript")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-906330).jpg "Islamic Coin by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Scene from the Treatise of Theriac after Galen, 1217 by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The all-gold dome and minaret of the shrine of Imam Reza, with the Timurid Gowhar Shad Mosque behind by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Design for an automaton, from")
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.jpg "Sun disc depicting a king sitting cross-legged on a throne flanked by two angels in the centre, found at Ray, Iran by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Woman Beseeching the Sultan, from")
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_in_Turkey_16th_-_(MeisterDrucke-1002771).jpg "Islamic Art: Ceramic Plate Decorated from Iznik in Turkey by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Mosque of Medina, from")
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.jpg "Portrait of a Man, from Album de Pieces Calligraphiees et de Miniatures by Islamic School")
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.jpg "The Elephant Clock from a Book of the Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by al-Jazari, 1315 by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-440239).jpg "Book cover, Egypt or Syria, Mamluk period by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Star-shaped overglaze leaf-gilded tile in the style of Takht-e Solaiman by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-423737).jpg "Fabric with pattern of hunters, from Iran, 15th-16th century by Islamic School")
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_1612-1630_-_(MeisterDrucke-982711).jpg "View of the Shah Mosque by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Illuminated pages of a Koran manuscript, Il-Khanid Mameluke School by Islamic School")
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_place_of_Muslim_pilgrimage_and_the_plains_of_Mount_Araf_-_(MeisterDrucke-951210).jpg "View of Mecca and the Plains of Mount Arafat by Islamic School")
_place_of_Muslim_pilgrimage_and_the_plains_of_Mount_Araf_-_(MeisterDrucke-951210).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-422082).jpg "Tile panel illustrating traditional costumes by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Representation of the celestial globe, with zodiac signs and lunar divisions (nakshatra) by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-416090).jpg "Five tiles, Kashan, Iran by Islamic School")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1000163).jpg "View of the Shah Mosque (Also Known as Imam Mosque) by Islamic School")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1000163).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-425011).jpg "Dish decorated with an inscription, Samarkand, 9th-10th century by Islamic School")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-425011).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-439102).jpg "Fragment from a Koran (manuscript) by Islamic School")
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.jpg "One of the aivans with tiled revetments, grille and monolithic stone columns by Islamic School")
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 - (MeisterDrucke-97791).jpg "Aquamanile in the Form of a Peacock by Islamic School")
 - (MeisterDrucke-97791).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-432437).jpg "View of the palace, Umayyad Period by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Section of a Koran, Iran, Il-Khanid period by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Miniature from the")
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.jpg "Islamic Art: bottle with long enameled glass neck of Vice King Tuquztemur, 1345 approx., from Egypt or Syria by Islamic School")
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.jpg "Two Pages from a Koran Manuscript by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Medical Consultation, from")
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.jpg "Roustam Asks Kei Khosraou for the Grace of Gourguin from")
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.jpg "Rhinoceros, illustration from")
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.jpg "Folio from the Blue Koran, 9th-10th Century by Islamic School")
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.jpg "A Poet Singer, Musicians and Singers, from the")
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.jpg "Sam shoots an arrow to defend an enchanting castle. Persian miniature from a manuscript of the epic poem"){kind=icon}
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